20 Best Things to Do in Istanbul, Turkey

Top 20 things to do in Istanbul, Turkey

1. Visit the Hagia Sophia

Visiting the Hagia Sophia is easily one of the best things to do in Istanbul, especially for anyone interested in architecture, history, or religion. Located in the heart of Sultanahmet, this landmark is the symbol of Istanbul.

Originally constructed in 537 AD, the Hagia Sophia was the world’s largest cathedral for almost 1,000 years. After the Ottoman conquest in 1453, it became an imperial mosque and then a museum in the 20th century. Today, it functions as a mosque, yet it remains open to all visitors.

Inside, the mix of Byzantine and Ottoman design will take your breath away. You’ll see mosaics depicting Christian figures alongside Islamic calligraphy, all under the massive central dome, which spans over 30 meters.

Modest dress is required. Non-Muslim visitors are welcome outside of prayer times. Early mornings or late afternoons are ideal for avoiding crowds, especially during peak season.

Also, keep in mind that Hagia Sophia is open from 9 am to 7.30 pm and not 24/7 like indicated on Google Maps. You can get a regular ticket at the ticket counter or buy a skip-the-line ticket online. If you want a guided experience, you will love this top-rated tour.

2. Admire the Blue Mosque

The Blue Mosque is one of the most iconic landmarks in the city and absolutely earns its place among the top things to do in Istanbul. Located just across from the Hagia Sophia, it’s easy to combine these two Istanbul attractions.

Completed in 1616 during the rule of Sultan Ahmed I, the mosque is famous for its elegant design, six minarets, and blue Iznik tiles. While the nickname “Blue Mosque” comes from those tiles, the exterior is just as impressive.

Entry is free, but proper attire is required. Women should cover their heads, and everyone should dress modestly. Scarves and coverings are available at the entrance if needed.

3. Explore Topkapi Palace

If you’re wondering what to do in Istanbul beyond the city’s mosques and markets, a visit to Topkapi Palace takes you back to the Ottoman Empire. Set on a hill overlooking the Bosphorus, this palace complex served as the primary residence of Ottoman sultans for nearly 400 years.

Built shortly after the conquest of Constantinople in the 15th century, Topkapi Palace features a series of courtyards, pavilions, and chambers that reflect the power and lifestyle of the imperial court. 

Highlights include the richly decorated Imperial Council Chamber, the ornate Harem (a separate ticket is required), and the Treasury, which displays priceless artifacts like the Topkapi Dagger and the 86-carat Spoonmaker’s Diamond.

If you want to avoid crowds, arrive slightly before opening time. I would also recommend visiting the Imperial Harem and Imperial Treasury first because these places get crowded quickly. Keep in mind that during high season, the palace gets very crowded during the day.

4. Get lost in the Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar is one of the oldest and largest covered markets in the world, and without a doubt, one of the must-see places in Istanbul. With over 4,000 shops spread across dozens of narrow streets, this historic market is a maze of colors, scents, and sounds.

The bazaar has been a place for trade and craftsmanship for centuries. Today, it still holds that traditional charm, with vendors selling everything from handwoven carpets and antique jewelry to lanterns, ceramics, leather goods, and spices.

Wandering through the Grand Bazaar is one of the best experiences in Istanbul. You’ll hear the rhythm of bargaining, smell the scent of Turkish coffee, and see displays packed with handmade items. It’s easy to get lost in the endless corridors, but that’s part of the fun.

Shopping at the Grand Bazaar is not for beginners, because bargaining skills are required. Also, depending on your previous travel experience, it can feel a bit overwhelming. If that’s the case, wander off the main aisle to the side passages.

5. Take a Bosphorus Cruise

No Istanbul travel guide is complete without mentioning a Bosphorus cruise. This experience offers a different perspective of the city, sailing between Europe and Asia while appreciating some of the best views in Istanbul.

The Bosphorus Strait separates the two continents. The cruise along this waterway gives you the chance to see iconic landmarks like Dolmabahçe Palace, Ortaköy Mosque, Rumeli Fortress, and the Bosphorus Bridge.

Several options are available, from short 90-minute round-trips to longer sunset or dinner cruises. If you are on a tight budget, I recommend the public ferry ‘Karakoy—Eminononu—Kadikoy’ or ‘Ortaköy —Beşiktaş —Eminönü’.

These are top top-rated cruises in Istanbul

⚓️ Istanbul: Daytime or Sunset Sightseeing Cruise & Audio Guide
⚓️ Istanbul: Bosphorus Dinner Cruise & Show with Private Table
⚓️ Sunset or Daytime Istanbul Guided Luxury Yacht Cruise with Snacks

6. Experience the Spice Bazaar

The Spice Bazaar is one of Istanbul’s most atmospheric markets. Located near the Galata Bridge in Eminönü, it’s smaller than the Grand Bazaar but just as lively, with its own charm. The moment you walk in, you’re greeted by the rich aroma of spices, dried fruits, teas, and sweets.

Dating back to the 17th century, the market was historically the center for the spice trade in the city. Today, it still offers an authentic glimpse into Turkish culinary culture. You can sample everything from saffron and sumac to Turkish delight, herbal teas, and pistachio baklava. 

Beyond the main hall, the surrounding streets are filled with local food stalls, cheese shops, and coffee vendors, making it a great spot for a walking food tour or casual lunch.

Exploring the Spice Bazaar is one of the most unique things to do in Istanbul, and I personally loved it way more than the Grand Bazaar. I recommend you visit both, so you can decide your own preference.

7. Find Galata Tower

One of the most recognizable landmarks in Istanbul, Galata Tower offers some of the best panoramic views of the city. It was originally built by the Genoese as part of a defensive wall, but it is now a must-see for the fantastic Istanbul views.

From the observation deck, you can spot the Bosphorus Bridge, the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, and more. It’s one of the best Istanbul sunset spots and great for photographers. You can get your ticket here.

Once you’re done taking in the views, the Galata area is perfect for a walk. The nearby streets are full of cafes, boutique shops, and local restaurants. It’s a great spot to relax and enjoy the atmosphere of one of Istanbul’s most historic neighborhoods.

📸 Looking for the best view of Galata Tower? Visit Sirin Firin Bakery, head up to Barnathan Cafe & Brasserie, or stay at the Galata Istanbul Hotel MGallery.

8. Plan an early visit to the Ortaköy Mosque

Visiting the Ortaköy Mosque is one of the best things to do in Istanbul for first-timers who want to explore beyond the historic core of Sultanahmet. Set right on the edge of the Bosphorus, this 19th-century mosque offers a scenic experience, especially in the early morning.

Commissioned by Sultan Abdülmecid and completed in 1856, the Ortaköy Mosque was designed in the Neo-Baroque style by Garabet Balyan, one of the architects behind Dolmabahçe Palace. It’s also a functioning mosque with historical and architectural significance.

The mosque’s interior is bright and spacious, with tall windows that reflect the changing light from the Bosphorus. While smaller than Istanbul’s other mosques, it’s one of my favorite places and one of the best things to do in Istanbul for first-timers.

9. Find the best views of Istanbul

With its skyline of domes, minarets, and bridges stretching across the Bosphorus, Istanbul offers no shortage of impressive views. But considering the limited time, you might be wondering where to find the best views of Istanbul.

One of the most popular places is the Seven Hills Restaurant in Sultanahmet. It offers postcard-worthy views of both the Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, along with the sea in the background. It must be added to your Istanbul itinerary.

Nearby, Queb Rooftop Restaurant, Ararat Terrace Restaurant, and Deraliye Terrace all offer similar views but with a quieter atmosphere. They’re good alternatives if you want to stay in the Old City without the same level of foot traffic.

For a full city panorama, the 360 Panorama Restaurant near the Grand Bazaar lives up to its name. Over in Galata, Barnathan Cafe & Brasserie provides a view over the Galata Tower, Istanbul rooftops, and the Golden Horn.

Also worth mentioning is the Terrace of Henna Istanbul Hotel, which offers a scenic space right above the city. It offers impressive views of the Sultanahmet skyline.

10. Wander the Süleymaniye Mosque

While the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sofia don’t need an introduction, just a short walk uphill brings you to one of the most impressive and underrated places in Istanbul – the Süleymaniye Mosque.

This mosque sits high on the Third Hill of Istanbul, overlooking the Golden Horn. It was built in the 16th century during the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. And the man behind the design? Mimar Sinan, one of the most respected architects in Ottoman history.

Even though it’s one of Istanbul’s most important landmarks, the Süleymaniye Mosque is far less crowded than the Blue Mosque or Hagia Sophia. With its stunning design, no list of the best places to visit in Istanbul would be complete without this masterpiece.

11. Stroll through Balat

Balat is one of Istanbul’s most colorful and character-filled neighborhoods. Located along the Golden Horn, this historic area is known for its cobblestone streets, pastel-colored houses, and a mix of cultures.

A walk in the Balat truly feels like a time travel, which makes it one of the best experiences in Istanbul. Laundry hangs between buildings, kids play in the streets, and locals sit outside chatting over tea. You’ll also find vintage shops, family-run bakeries, and cozy cafes.

The neighborhood has deep roots in Istanbul’s Jewish history and is home to synagogues, old churches, and faded but beautiful Ottoman architecture.

I feel like Balat is the perfect place to wander without a map or a plan. If you want to know more about the neighborhood and gain local insights, you will love this Balat guided tour.

12. Visit Dolmabahçe Palace

If you’re into architecture, history, or just want to see something completely over the top, Dolmabahçe Palace is one of those spots you shouldn’t miss. Built in the 19th century, it replaced Topkapi Palace as the main residence of the Ottoman sultans.

This place is massive, covered in crystal chandeliers, gold leaf, marble staircases, and high ceilings that seem to go on forever. It’s one of the top attractions in Istanbul thanks to its beauty and history.

The palace was home to the last Ottoman sultans and later used by Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. You can tour the ceremonial halls, the harem section, and even see the room where Atatürk spent his final days.

It sits right on the edge of the Bosphorus, so even just walking through the gardens gives you some of the best water views in the city.

Make sure you visit the Dolmabahçe Mosque nearby. Since we didn’t get to visit the palace, we had some extra time and ended up discovering this fantastic hidden gem of Istanbul.

13. Relax at a Turkish Hammam

Trying a traditional Turkish hammam is one of the experiences you shouldn’t skip. You can expect a steamy marble room, a serious scrub, and a relaxing foam massage. It’s a bit intense at first, but you come out feeling completely refreshed.

If you’re putting together a list of what not to miss in Istanbul, this definitely belongs on it. You can go for something historical like Çemberlitaş Hammam near the Grand Bazaar (not recommended!) or opt for a more modern spa-style one.

⭐️ I chose this top-rated Hammam experience and simply can’t recommend it enough. In case you miss a spot, these are other popular options with glowing 5-star reviews:

• Gedikpasa Historical Turkish Bath with Privacy Option
• Private Turkish Bath, Massage, Sauna & Swimming Pool
• Private Turkish Bath, Massage, and Spa in Old City

14. Visit the Basilica Cistern

Hidden beneath the streets of Sultanahmet, the Basilica Cistern is one of the most atmospheric places you can visit in Istanbul. This underground water reservoir was built in the 6th century and once supplied water to the Great Palace of Constantinople.

The moment you step inside, you might recognize some scenes from films like Inferno and From Russia with Love. One of the most famous details in the Basilica Cistern is the Medusa heads. Two of the columns rest on stone blocks carved with her face.

If you’re into cultural experiences in Istanbul, this is a must. You’re literally walking through ancient infrastructure that’s still standing after 1,500 years. In case you are looking for less crowded alternatives, Theodosius Cistern offers a similar experience.

–> Get Theodosius Cistern tickets here
–> Get Basilica Cistern tickets here

Fun fact: The cistern could hold up to 80,000 cubic meters of water and was forgotten for centuries until it was rediscovered by a curious traveler in the 1500s.

15. Join a Food Tour in Istanbul

If you’re serious about trying local food, joining a food tour in Istanbul is one of the smartest (and tastiest) things you can do. You’ll get to try a mix of street food, regional specialties, and traditional dishes. All while learning the stories behind them.

Most tours take you beyond the usual spots. You might start in Karaköy with Turkish breakfast, cross over to Kadıköy for stuffed mussels and grilled liver, and end with baklava and tea somewhere in a quiet backstreet. 

Some of the best food experiences in Istanbul come from these kinds of tours. You get small bites from different places, learn how to order like a local, and get a crash course in Turkish food culture. 

16. Watch the Whirling Dervishes

The Whirling Dervishes perform a Sufi ceremony called the Sema, and while it’s open to visitors, it’s not really a performance. It’s a spiritual ritual that’s been practiced for centuries.

The music, the chanting, and the slow, steady spinning in white robes are all strangely calming to watch. If you’re looking for fun things to do in Istanbul, this is a great one to add to your list.

Just sit back, listen, and take in something that feels very different from the usual tourist experiences.

🩰 Looking for a top-rated Whirling Dervishes experience? Book Authentic Sema Ceremony at Kasımpasa Mevlevihanesi

17. Shop on Istiklal Street

Istiklal Street is a long, busy pedestrian street in the heart of Beyoğlu, packed with shops, cafes, bookstores, street food stalls, and some hidden gems if you know where to look. It’s loud, crowded, and a bit chaotic, but in a good way.

One of the classic things to do in Istanbul for first-timers is to hop on the nostalgic red tram that runs the length of the street. It’s slow and mostly symbolic, but still fun. 

Along the way, keep an eye out for Çiçek Pasajı. It is a historic arcade filled with restaurants and bars, perfect for a snack or quick drink in a setting that still feels very much like old Istanbul. I would still call it one of the hidden gems in Istanbul.

The street ends at Taksim Square, and if you wander into the side alleys, you’ll find local shops, rooftop cafes, and a very different vibe from the more touristy parts.

18. Click some photos at Taht

You’ve probably already seen the dreamy rooftop shots with colorful cushions, patterned rugs, and the Bosphorus in the background. That’s Taht Istanbul! It is a photo studio on a rooftop with one of the best views in the city and one of the best photo spots in Istanbul.

I have to say that this was my first experience with a photo studio, and I was a bit pessimistic at first, however, I absolutely loved the final results. Also, this is a great place if you have limited time in Istanbul and don’t have a lot of time for snapping pics around the city.

Inside the studio, you’ll find several different photo spots to choose from. The most iconic one is the terrace, which offers panoramic views over the city. During the colder months, it’s enclosed with see-through fabric so you can still enjoy the view without freezing. 

My personal favorite was the room filled with colorful Turkish lamps, it is probably my favorite photo from Istanbul. There are also 2 to 4 additional setups that change from time to time, depending on the latest trends.

The entrance fee is €30 per person, which gives you access to the studio and lets you take your own photos. I also rented a traditional costume for an extra €30. Another popular option is the flying dress rental, which costs €50.

You can also book a professional photographer for €175 if you’re doing a solo shoot, or €200 for couples. I’ve heard mixed reviews about this option, though I can’t speak from personal experience since my partner is my photographer.

They offer several different packages, and it can feel a bit overwhelming at first. But the team is responsive on Instagram, so you can always message them to clear up any confusion before booking.

💡  Good to know! You can pay in local currency, euros, or dollars. However, if you choose card payment, a 20% fee will be applied.

19. Explore Baklava, Coffee, and Tea Culture of Turkey

No trip to Istanbul is complete without diving into the city’s rich dessert and drink traditions. Experiencing Turkish baklava, coffee, and tea is about history, ritual, and daily life. For anyone curious about local flavors, this is one of the must-do things in Istanbul.

Start with baklava, the famous layered pastry filled with nuts and soaked in syrup. Though it originated in the imperial kitchens of the Ottoman Empire, baklava has become a daily treat enjoyed across Turkey. 

You’ll find the best examples in long-standing sweet shops like Karaköy Güllüoğlu, Hafız Mustafa, or Köşkeroğlu. I personally never liked baklava until I visited Istanbul. I ended up being a regular the Hafız Mustafa.

Turkish coffee is another symbol of hospitality and conversation. Prepared in a small pot called a cezve and served unfiltered in tiny cups, the coffee is thick and strong, often accompanied by a piece of Turkish delight. 

And then there’s Turkish tea (çay). It’s served in tulip-shaped glasses and offered almost everywhere, from rooftop cafes to small neighborhood shops. You’ll see locals sipping tea during work breaks, after meals, or while playing backgammon.

20. Try hookah, also known as shisha

Trying a hookah is a traditional experience that still holds a place in modern Istanbul. Once a symbol of Ottoman café culture, smoking hookah is a social activity, enjoyed in tea gardens and historic lounges throughout the city.

Hookah involves smoking flavored tobacco (often apple, mint, or mixed fruit) through a water pipe, with the smoke passing through water before being inhaled. It’s a slow-paced activity often paired with Turkish tea, snacks, and long conversations. 

We ended up at the Anadolu Nargile Çorlulu Ali Paşa Medreses near the Grand Bazaar, and I absolutely loved the local atmosphere. If you prefer a more modern take, several rooftop bars and cafes in neighborhoods like Karaköy or Taksim also offer hookah.